| Cubism
was developed 1907 - 1912 as a collaborative effort by Pablo Picasso
and George Braque. Although its roots are not positively known, many
believe it has influence from African Tribal Art and Paul Cezanne.
Cubism was considered the most radical change in art in the 20th century.
Unlike the previous Picasso
Blue Period, its core style was a
complete abandonmen of traditional art techniques. Instead of looking
at subjects at a fixed angle, the artwork was broken into facets where
many aspects can be viewed simultaneously. |
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The art form supported
their belief that there was no one fixed view of nature. Picasso and
Braque worked hand in hand and were dedicated to simplifying painting,
only including formal elements of art: line, shape, and color.
The movement was divided into two periods - Analytical Cubism
and Synthetic Cubism. Analytical Cubism concentrated on using
geometric forms, often using strait lines and right angles. Subdued
colors such as tans, browns, grays, blues and greens were preferred.
Overall, it showed a structured "analysis" of form. |
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Synthetic
Cubism, the second period, used more decorative shapes, stencilling,
collage, and brighter colors. Pieces of cut-up newspaper and
tobacco wrappers could now be found in Picasso and Braque’s
paintings. This collage technique posed the question of what
was reality vs. illusion.
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In
addition to Picasso and Braque, many well-known cubism artists
started to emerge: Fernand Leger, Jacques Lipchitz, Jean Metzinger,
Fritz Wotruba, to name a few. The cubism movement ended by the
end of World War I, but we can see direct influences in future
art movements such as Futurism, Orphism and Constructivism.
Classic Picasso Cubism paintings include The
Three Musicians and Violin
and Guitar.
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